The warp and weft yarns prepared before weaving are interwoven on the loom to form the fabric. There are many varieties and specifications of looms. According to the opening mechanism of the loom, it can be divided into three types: disc (cam) loom, dobby loom and jacquard loom. The tread loom is generally used to weave simple weaves such as plain weave and twill, the dobby loom can be used to weave small pattern fabrics with slightly complex patterns, and the jacquard strong machine can weave complex large pattern fabrics.
According to the number of shuttle boxes on the loom, it can be divided into single shuttle box (two looms each have a shuttle box) loom and multi-shuttle box (loom one or both sides have more than one shuttle box) loom. The former can only be used to weave monochrome fabrics, while the latter can be used to weave décored fabrics.
According to the different methods of weft insertion, looms can be divided into two categories: shuttled looms and shuttleless looms. The former relies on a shuttle to thread the weft, while the latter removes the shuttle. Among them, the rapier loom that relies on the sword-shaped rod to insert the weft, the air-jet loom that relies on the jet air flow to insert the weft, the water-jet loom that relies on the spray body water flow to insert the weft, and the one that relies on the sheet shuttle clamp to insert the weft. There are also new looms that use other methods of weft insertion. Shuttleless looms are being promoted at a relatively fast pace in China and around the world.
No matter what kind of loom it is, to complete the interweaving of warp and weft yarns, it generally needs to be completed by the organic cooperation of the five major movements such as opening, weft insertion, beating weft, warp feeding, winding and other auxiliary movements.
1.Opening movement According to the requirements of the designed fabric organization, the heald frame is raised and lowered with a certain rule to form a shed, which is convenient for the shuttle to insert the weft between the sheds.
2.Weft insertion movement
There are shuttle looms, and there are shuttle boxes on both sides for shuttles to stay. Under the action of the shuttle mechanism on both sides, the shuttle enters and passes through the shed within the specified time, introduces the unwound weft yarn into the shed, and then stays in the shuttle box on the opposite side for the next weft insertion.
3.Weft beating movement Under the drive of the loom, the weft beating mechanism presses the introduced weft yarn to the weaving mouth to complete the interweaving with the warp yarn.
4.The let-off movement is to continuously withdraw the weaving shaft from a certain amount of warp yarn and maintain a certain tension of the warp yarn as the weaving progresses.
5.The task of the winding movement is to lead the formed fabric away from the interweaving area in time with the weaving process, and wind it on the cloth roller, so that the weft density meets the weaving requirements.
In addition to the above five main movements, there are also auxiliary movements controlled by auxiliary mechanisms, such as warp break self-stop, weft loss self-stop, weft supply (shuttle change).